General — IT Admin

Catch-all pool: every question from the three cert tracks plus extra drills (broadcast, first/last host, etc.).

IPv4 fundamentals (subnetting)

Start with subnetting, host counts, and masks — diagrams, routing, and ACL come later.

• 01 – IPv4 subnetting L3

  4 equal subnets (exam style): /22–/28, RFC 1918.

• 01b – Subnets (3–7) L3

  Equal subnets (3–7): find the new prefix and network IDs yourself.

• 02 – Count hosts L2

  Usable hosts.

• 03 – Network range L3

  Network, first/last host.

• 04 – CIDR → mask L2

  Decimal subnet mask.

• 05 – Mask → prefix L2

  Find prefix length.

• 06 – Which subnet? L3

  Network for host.

• 07 – VLSM (4 subnets) L3

  Exam-style VLSM: octet boxes + prefix per subnet (/28, mixed host needs).

• G05 – Number of subnets L2

  How many equal subnets?

• G11 – Host in subnet? L2

  Is the host inside the network?

• G14 – Max subnets & hosts L3

  Maximum subnets and usable hosts per subnet from a network.

• G15 – Mask for subnets & hosts L3

  Find prefix for X subnets with Y hosts each (e.g. 710 subnets, 50 hosts).

• G21 – Broadcast after subnet L3

  Broadcast in a subnetted /24 (e.g. /26).

• G24 – Subnets from topology L2

  How many subnets are needed for this topology? (diagram)

Diagram subnetting

Visual drills (original topologies) — exam-style practice, not copied from third-party sites.

• Diagram D01 – Valid interface IP L3

  Three LANs: two configured — valid /28 IP for Gi0/3 without overlap (A–D).

• Diagram D02 – /30 peer address L2

  Find the missing router IP on a /30 link.

• Diagram D03 – More host bits (A/B) L2

  Two VLANs on diagram: which has more host bits?

• Diagram D04 – Router on a stick L3

  Pick the subinterface config for new VLANs (A–D).

• Diagram D05 – Hidden subnet L3

  Find the hidden P2P network in the VLSM diagram.

• Diagram D06 – Mask in VLAN design L2

  What subnet mask is used for both VLANs shown?

• Diagram D07 – Route → interface L3

  Route table + diagram: which interface reaches the destination?

• Diagram D08 – Hosts in block (diagram) L2

  How many usable hosts in the highlighted subnet?

• Diagram G25 – Default gateway (ifconfig) L3

  ifconfig output: network ID + first usable host as default gateway.

Route summarization & wildcard

Multiple subnets behind a router — wildcard mask or summary CIDR (ACL / OSPF).

• RS RS01 – Wildcard (multiple subnets) L3

  Wildcard mask covering several subnets behind a router.

• RS RS02 – Summary network L3

  Shortest CIDR summarizing all listed subnets.

ACL — Access lists (grouped wildcard)

Standard and extended ACLs: permit/deny, network + wildcard for subnets behind a router.

• ACL ACL01 – Wildcard (grouped) L3

  Wildcard covering all subnets behind router A.

• ACL ACL02 – Standard ACL permit L3

  One IOS line: permit all diagram subnets with network + wildcard.

• ACL ACL03 – Correct wildcard L2

  Which wildcard matches all listed subnets?

• ACL ACL04 – Extended ACL L3

  Pick the correct extended ACL line.

• ACL ACL05 – deny host L2

  Deny a single host with standard ACL.

• ACL ACL06 – Block host to server L3

  Standard ACL: block PC2 from file server, allow other traffic (topology, A–D).

Routing Questions

Static routes and next-hop — CCNA-style topology drills.

• RT R01 – Static route L3

  Configure a static route from the diagram (A–D).

• RT R02 – Branch static route (R1/R2) L3

  Main office — /30 — new office: static route on R1 (A–D).

• RT R03 – Route table (LPM) L3

  show ip route: destination IP — longest prefix match, which interface? (A–D)

• RT R04 – Route selection (LPM / protocols) L3

  show ip route: EIGRP/RIP/OSPF/IS-IS — which route for destination? (A–D)

• RT R05 – Routing table L3

  show ip route: destination route for packet? (A–D)

• RT R06 – Connected routes (LPM) L3

  show ip route: which interface for destination IP? (A–D)

• RT R07 – Route mask (LPM) L3

  show ip route: subnet mask of the destination route (CCNA style).

• RT R08 – Route metric (LPM) L3

  show ip route: metric of chosen route (not AD) — A–D.

• RT R09 – Static route next hop (LPM) L3

  show ip route static + topology: shared next hop for two destinations.

• RT R10 – Next hop (routing table LPM) L3

  Prefix/interface/next-hop table: LPM → next hop for destination IP.

• RT R11 – Default route next hop L3

  show ip route: no match → gateway of last resort → next hop.

• RT R12 – Packet handling (LPM) L3

  show ip route: overlapping R/S/D/O — how is the packet handled?

• RT R13 – Static route (shared LAN R1/R2/R3) L3

  Shared /24 segment: static route on R1 to reach R3 LAN (A–D).

• RT R14 – Static route (/30 P2P R14/R86) L3

  R14 → R86: static route to 172.21.34.0/25 network (A–D).

• RT R15 – Default route (Vlan56/57) L3

  show ip route: 10.56.192.1 — no LPM match → next hop (A–D).

• RT R16 – Static route (WAN failover R1/R2) L3

  Dual WAN circuits: floating static default (AD 2) when primary fails (A–D).

• RT R17 – Route table (remove static / load balancer) L3

  show ip route: after removing static/default routes — which server stays reachable? (A–D)

• RT R18 – Route entry subnet mask L3

  show ip route | begin Gateway: subnet mask for route {net} (CCNA style).

• RT R19 – Next hop (static/OSPF LPM) L3

  show ip route: S 172.16.3.0/24 vs O 172.16.3.0/28 — LPM → next hop + interface (A–D).

• RT R20 – Dual default routes (AD) L3

  R1/R2/R3: two ip route 0.0.0.0 — PC1 to PC3 packets routed how? (A–D)

• RT R21 – Route table host (AD/metric/…) L3

  show ip route: host IP — AD, metric, prefix, next hop, interface, or route code (A–D).

• RT R22 – Route table packet (mask/prefix/…) L3

  show ip route: packet source/dest — mask, prefix, code, interface, default … (A–D).

• RT R23 – Routing table entry (LPM) L3

  Entry # / network / subnet mask table: longest prefix match for host IP (A–D).

• RT R24 – Route table protocol (LPM → interface) L3

  Overlapping R/O/D routes: LPM → interface, code, AD, metric, or prefix (A–D).

• RT R25 – Next-hop (least desirable metric) L3

  Four routers on shared segment: R1 routing table — next-hop with least desirable metric (A–D).

• RT R26 – Route table protocol → prefix L3

  show ip route: which network prefix was learned via RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, or static? (A–D, varied).

• RT R27 – AD → protocol (route) L3

  show ip route: for route {prefix}, identify protocol from default AD (RIP/OSPF/EIGRP/BGP, varied).

• RT R28 – Border static (LPM → next hop) L3

  Static ip route config on border router: LPM for destination IP → next hop (A–D).

IPv4 Quizzes

• 08 – Private addresses L2

  Public or private address.

• 09 – Binary octet L2

  8 bits → decimal.

• 10 – Summarization L3

  Summarize four /24s.

• 12 – Wildcard mask L3

  Inverted mask.

• G01 – Broadcast address L2

  Broadcast address for the network.

• G02 – Network address L2

  Network address for the host.

• G03 – First host L2

  First usable host address.

• G04 – Last host L2

  Last usable host address.

• G06 – Prefix for host count L3

  Shortest prefix for n usable hosts.

• G07 – Block size L2

  Total addresses in the subnet block.

• G08 – Wildcard (random mask) L2

  Wildcard mask for the subnet mask.

• G09 – Route summarization L3

  Summarize consecutive /24 networks.

• G10 – Total addresses L2

  2^(32−prefix) — all addresses in block.

• G12 – Usable hosts L2

  Usable host count for CIDR.

• G13 – Host range L3

  First and last usable host for a host IP or network.

• G16 – Next network L2

  Next subnet network address.

• G17 – Host bits L2

  How many host bits in the prefix?

• G18 – DHCP pool L2

  Assignable DHCP addresses after reserved hosts.

• G19 – Invalid host L2

  Which address cannot be assigned to a host?

• G20 – Address class L2

  Public, private, loopback, link-local, multicast.

• G22 – Pick subnet mask L2

  Choose prefix for required host count.

• G23 – P2P / WAN link L1

  Usable hosts on /29–/32 WAN or point-to-point links.

• G26 – Hex netmask → 255.x L2

  Convert ifconfig hex netmask (e.g. 0xfffffc00) to decimal 255.x.x.x.

IPv6 multicast

ff00::/8, ff02::1/2, solicited-node (NDP), multicast types.

• MC M01 – Multicast? L2

  Is this an IPv6 multicast address (ff00::/8)?

• MC M02 – Multicast type L2

  Identify all-nodes, all-routers, solicited-node, etc.

• MC M03 – Solicited-node L3

  Solicited-node multicast from a unicast address.

IPv6 Quizzes — from all cert tracks

• 01 – Subnetting (4 subnets) L3

  Split into 4 equal subnets.

• 02 – Subnet count L2

  How many /64 networks?

• 03 – Network ID? L2

  Is the IPv6 address the network ID? (yes/no)

• 04 – Notation L2

  Short or full notation.

• 05 – Address types L2

  Pick link-local.

• 06 – EUI-64 L3

  MAC → link-local.

• 07 – SLAAC/DHCPv6 L2

  Read RA flags.

• 08 – ICMPv6/NDP L2

  Message type (NS).

• 09 – Dual stack L2

  Dual-stack scenario.

• 10 – Aggregation L3

  Summarize three /64s.

• 11 – Best practice L1

  Typical LAN prefix.

• 12 – Wireshark L2

  Source or destination IPv6 from trace.

• 13 – Same subnet? L2

  Two IPv6 addresses — same subnet? (yes/no), practice style.

• 14 – IPv6 interface (ISP/LAN) L3

  Diagram: ISP / R1 / switch — manual /127 + eui-64 /64 (choose two).

• 15 – IPv6 eui-64 (R1 Gig0/0) L3

  R1/R2 + IPv6 block: dynamic Gi0/0 assignment via eui-64 /64 (A–D).

• 16 – IPv6 floating default route L3

  show ipv6 route: ND ::/0 [2/0] — floating static default to {nh} (A–D).